Nike Competitive Advantage

* 1. MGMT65000 – Strategic Management – spring 2011 Test 1 By: Divya Mishra School of Management Purdue University Calumet Submitted to: Dr. Arifin Angriawan1|Page * 2. Company profile & backgroundNIKE, Inc. is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing of footwear,apparel, equipment and accessory products. . It sells its products to around 18,000 retail accountsin the United States and through a mix of independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries innearly 200 countries. NIKE is the largest seller of athletic footwear and athletic apparel in the world. The Company creates designs for men, women and children.The top selling product categoryincludes running, basketball, childrens, cross-training and womens shoes. It also designs shoesfor outdoor activities like tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling,cheerleading, aquatic activities, hiking and other athletic and recreational uses. Index membership Sector Industry EmployeesS&P 500 Consumer Cyclical Footwear 23,300ProductsNIKE sells sports attire and accessories relevant to each sport mentioned above as well as othersports-inspired lifestyle apparel, like bags, socks, sport balls, eyewear, protective equipment,basic sport equipment, etc.In addition to NIKE’s footwear, apparel, and accessories businesses, the Company sells productsunder other brand names in particular markets. NIKE wholly-owns five footwear and apparelcompanies that specialize in different sports: Cole Haan, Converse Inc. , Hurley InternationalLLC, Umbro Ltd. , and NIKE Golf. These subsidiaries combined together account for 13% oftotal revenues, $2. 5 billion, in fiscal 2009. Manufacturing Footwear & ApparelAll of NIKE’s footwear is manufactured outside the United States in the factories of China,Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand and account for 98 percent of total NIKE brand footwear in2009.The main raw materials used in NIKE footwear are rubber, plastic compound s, and foamcushioning materials, nylon, leather, canvas, and polyurethane films used for cushioningcomponents. NIKE brand apparel is also manufactured almost entirely outside of the United States, in 34different countries. The main materials used in NIKE apparel are natural and synthetic fabricsand threads, plastic and metal hardware, and water and heat resistant fabrics. Marketing and AdvertisingNIKE places a significant weight on marketing the company and its products.NIKE aggressivelybonds the contracts with highly successful and influential athletes, coaches, teams, and leagueslike Michael Jordan, Serena Williams, and Tiger Woods to popularize its footwear, apparel andsports accessories. In order to sustain its dominance in the industry and stay competitive stay, NIKE activelyresponds to trends and changes in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing productofferings, developing new products, styles and categories, and influencing sports and fitnesspreferences throug h aggressive marketing.Its primary areas of marketing remain Net TV andmagazines. 2|Page * 3. CompetitorsThe rivalry in the sports wear industry is very high. NIKE competes with numerous athletic andleisure shoe companies worldwide. It faces fierce competition in product offerings, technologies,marketing expenditures, pricing, costs of production, and customer services. The maincompetitors are Adidas, Reebok, Timberland, Woodland, and Puma.SWOT Analysis for NIKE Strengths Weaknesses Brand recognition Overseas manufacturing High product quality dependency Effective marketing Decreasing United States strategy market share Capacity of innovation High product price Strong distribution chain compared to Adidas Strong R&D Currency exposure Strong customer Medium retail presence relationship/satisfaction SWOT Analysis Opportunities Threats Expansion into emerging Fierce industry competition markets Revenue relies on Increased demand in product consumers’ discretionary innovation inc ome Growing segment of women Economic rescission athletes Fluctuation in the currency Increase in the number of sports events like Olympic, FIFA3|Page * 4.NIKE Innovations NIKE with Apple: The NIKE+ package consists of a pair of specially designed NIKE+ running shoes, an iPod nano, and a NIKE + iPod sport kit. The kit consists of a sensor that fits into a built-in pocket beneath the insole of the left shoe and a receiver that fits into the iPod nano dock connector. As a person runs, iPod tells the distance, pace, and calories burned via voice feedback that adjusts music volume as it plays. (Google image) Design your own shoes: NIKE allows customers to design their own shoes from a catalogue of predefined designs. Customers can choose their own colors and mascots to create shoes which define their personality.It provides Touch screen technology in store allowing customers to design shoes of choice. (Google image) Nike self lacing automatic shoes: NIKE is also coming up with the new a utomatic self lacing sneakers. The automatic lacing system provides a set of straps that can be automatically opened and closed to switch between a loosened and tightened position. 4|Page * 5. Critical data of Nike Annual Report$ Millions 2010Net Income 1,906. 7Current Liability 3,364. 2Total Assets 14419. 3Tax Rate 24. 2%Interest Rate 6. 35%Long-Term Debt 445. 8Return on Equity 19. 54%Total Equity 9753. 7Weighted Average Cost of Capital 8. 9%Capital Employed 11055. 1Interest Expense 6. EBIT 2516. 9NOPAT 1907. 81Return On Capital Employed 20. 7%Economic Value Added 1267. 25Cash Flow From Operations* 3164. 2Capital expenditure* 335. 1Free Cash Flow 2045. 31Five year Nike stock performance vs. S&P500* (Fiscal year 2006-2010) 2% Nike S&P500 90%5|Page * 6. 2010Nike revenue growth 2006-2010 Nike Revenue 25000 20000 Revenue 15000 10000 5000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YearNike revenue generation by product 2010 Revenue Generation by Product 6% 34% Footwear 60% Apparel Equipment6|Page * 7. 1. Please use Figure 2. 3 page 53 (Grant’s textbook, 7th edition) as your overall guide to draw a balanced scorecard for the firm.Please draw a balanced scorecard for the firm that you choose. Identify all four perspectives, each perspective’s objectives and their relationships. See example in the appendix. Feel free to modify it. On the other pages please elaborate on the four perspectives and their elements. For the financial performance perspective, at least you need to discuss: ROCE, EVA, and FCF. Conclude what the numbers mean to you as a manager (e. g. Good, bad, or neutral; and why). Why do firms need to prepare a balanced scorecard? (20 points) Balance Scorecard for NIKE 2010FINANCIAL GOOD–NEUTRAL †¢ ROCE : 17. 8% Neutral †¢ EVA: 1267. 25 millions Good †¢ FCF : 2045. 1 millions Good †¢ ROE : 19. 54% Good †¢ Profit Margin :10. 03% Good †¢ NIKE growth: 7% vs. industry growth Good 4. 5% Bad †¢ High advertising cost Good â € ¢ Better COGS% than competitorsCUSTOMER GOOD-NEUTRAL †¢ Customer Satisfaction Good †¢ Customer Loyalty Good †¢ Customer retention ratio Good †¢ Market Share Good †¢ Competitive Price Bad †¢ Number of Customers Good Good †¢ Design own shoes optionINTERNAL GOOD †¢ Marketing Innovative Products Good Celebrity endorsement Good Diversity of online product Good †¢ R&D Integrated researches Good Product technology Good High quality product design Good †¢ Good supplier relation Good †¢ IT for inventory control Good7|Page

Global Economy Essay

Globalization is corporate driven; it’s the system which allows trans-national business and finance to invest what they want where they want; to produce what they want; and to buy and sell what they want, everywhere, with the fewest restrictions possible coming from labour laws, social conventions or environmental regulations. Globalization is also finance driven. Corporate-led, finance-driven globalization has been extremely successful (George 2008, p. 1). Globalization has been extremely beneficial to those at the top of various societies. The benefits of globalization for ordinary people have been problematic particularly in the mature capitalist countries. Those who advocate for neo-liberal globalization claim it thrusts the floor upwards for everybody an extremely debatable proposition in a world where a billion people exist with a buying power of a dollar a day and approximately half the world with less than two dollars a day (George 2008, p. 1). Multi national corporations, finance corporations and wealthy persons contribute less and less proportionally in taxation to national budgets. This means the ordinary people, consumers and local businesses pay more than their reasonable allocation (George 2008, p. 1). More and more people are doubtful as to whether globalisation has delivered on its promises and benefits. 57 % of the people recently interviewed in the G7 countries are of the opinion that globalisation has moved too fast in recent years. In twenty seven other countries, 64 % were of the opinion that the advantages and troubles of globalisation were unjustly shared. Only in ten out of the thirty four countries polled did the bulk of the people think of globalisation as a positive factor for local economic development (Falk 2008, p. 1). World Sourcing and Outsourcing In the corporate world, companies are exploiting the emerging markets in line with globalization. A company like Levono has its products, human resources and facilities in 160 countries around the world. Market trends such as outsourcing have created a time zone that universal. This means that the company can access the resources it needs from any part of the globe where the costs are lower at any time regardless of its time zone. It is a top-down strategy designed to save on costs by handing the non-core operations to a third party who offers the lowest price. World sourcing is a business strategy that influences the positive aspects of globalization to maximize on value and quality that the company delivers to customers globally (Walker 2008,p. 3). Companies in the global economy can source for everything where the best talent exists and like wise sell where the best market is located. Companies that practice world sourcing create value twenty four hours a day. The global distribution of resources such as talents and markets has created a nucleus of excellence strategy. A company in this case can have its marketing department in India, designing being done in Japan, its fulfilment centres located in North America and the manufacturing facilities located in China, Latin America, India and Europe. This distribution of resources also means as companies tap into the skills and talents spread across the globe, career choices then cease to be hindered by geographical boundaries (Walker 2008,p. 5). World sourcing as a globalization strategy is envisaged on the principle that brand cuts across nationality and geographical boundaries. The more a company extends to the entire world for the finest ideas, human resources and processes, the more it develops in the refined essence of its brand name. It is appraised not by nationality, but according to the excellence of its products, services, degree of corporate social responsibility, governance, environmental practices, transparency, and ultimately, the degree of value it conveys to customers globally (Walker 2008, p. 7). Global corporations that world source their products and services are exposed to the inquisitive light and censure from challenging consumers and government watchdogs in different countries. They can only build confidence by complying with the highest principles of governance, compliance transparency, and excellence (Walker 2008, p. 7). Global Networking Debate on networked economy began as early as 1865 in Paris. However it is the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) that has turned the world into a truly global village. This means a global networked economy. By definition a global village or a global networked economy means that there is instantaneous relay of information from one part of the globe to another. The connectivity of the internet today has contributed greatly towards global connectivity (Tarjanne 1997, pp. 2-3). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has played a vital part in networking based on global connectivity. The Radio Regulations, one of the inter-governmental treaties of which ITU is the guardian recognizes the electro-magnetic spectrum as a universal resource of humanity. A Recent development in this field is the advancement of satellite handsets, the Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite (GMPCS). Satellite systems will enable access to essential telecommunications from any part of the globe regardless of time zones and geographical boundaries (Tarjanne 1997, p. 4). However global networking is still not yet fully attained. Access to technology is largely influenced by wealth. Approximately 97% of all Internet hosts are based in the developed countries which represent 16% of the world’s population. There are approximately fifty countries that still lack an Internet host within their boundaries. One of the objectives of the ITU is to support the extension of the benefits of the new telecommunications technologies globally (Tarjanne 1997, p. 5).

The Five Messages Leaders Must Manage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Five Messages Leaders Must Manage - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that if you ask the average population to explain what qualities make a good leader or a good manager, you would probably get many similar answers. Several attributes can contribute to a good leader in management positions, such as those leaders who have the full support and respect of their employees while realizing goal-oriented results. In some organizations, managers may burden their subordinates to achieve the desired goals and build a positive image in the eyes of their superiors and co-workers. However, they may do so by imposing a sense of fear for failure or extremely stressful expectations upon those working for them. An employee may not be motivated by a positive reinforcement in the workplace, but rather by a â€Å"looming† fear that his or her job may be at risk if a manager’s expectations are not met. On the other hand, individuals who are gifted leaders can motivate individuals without intimidating them, but the y may fall short of the corporate expectations as managers. In other words, some managers may be terrible leaders and some leaders make for very poor managers. Therefore, employees that combine the attributes of the skilled leaders and managers are valuable assets to their organization as they put their teams on the right track to support the organization’s overall goals. Honesty, humility, logic, confidence, compassion, ethics, morality, and a sense of humor are just a few of the attributes that may be sought out in a good leader and manager.... I believe â€Å"the list of messages to leaders† to be endless, and may not be encompassed in Hamm’s five messages nor in the following four messages that I suggest. 1. Do not just be proactive†¦be interactive Unintentionally, some managers may lean toward imposing their individual perspectives and ideas upon their teams. They may eagerly explain the preferred course of action their employees should implement without allowing for further discussions. Such managers may have genuine and viable ideas; however, other team members should be equally motivated to participate and contribute their ideas rather than acting as mere instruments. The manager being completely interactive within her team says a great deal about the quality of her leadership. (Prive, 2012) As we have discussed in the class, interactions and consequent conflicts are naturally occurring and necessary to spur teams’ synergy and collaborative efficiency. 2. Appreciate that â€Å"Teams† a re the sum of their parts†¦ For a manager that is not interactive, it is easier to think of the team members as single merged entities. They are identifiable to the manager by department names or team titles, not as skilled individuals forming a cohesive group dynamics. This may drive team members to feel as expendable as machine parts, and consequently not take individual pride in their work. A good leader takes the time to regularly review the people that contribute to the business’s success. Recognizing the names of the individuals and the jobs they perform make employees feel appreciated. Furthermore, acknowledging the quality of employees’ work makes them feel uniquely important and needed. (Makovsky, 2012)

Nonurgent Use of Hospital Emergency Departments Research Paper

Nonurgent Use of Hospital Emergency Departments - Research Paper Example This book is relevant to the current study because of its discussion of the nature and effects of nonurgent use of EDs. It also includes a comprehensive discussion of the potential solutions to the problems caused by this pattern. It suggests the construction of additional safety net hospitals, community clinics, and other sources of care as a solution to the problem of caused by nonurgent use of EDs. This book is an excellent source of strategies and policies for EDs. (2) Hodge, M. (2007). Non-urgent Emergency Department Utilization in Southwestern Virginia among Medicaid Recipients. Ann Arbor, MI: Proquest. Generally, this book is about the current American healthcare system, focusing specifically on the evolution of the EDs’ functions. The author studied the prevalence of nonurgent use of EDs among beneficiaries of Medicaid in Southwestern Virginia. The author used both qualitative and quantitative methods to study the perceptions of both the patients and the hospital staff regarding utilization of EDs for nonurgent problems. The author reported that there is a high prevalence of nonurgent use of EDs in Southwestern Virginia and that there are considerable disparity between the perception of patients and hospital staffs regarding what is ‘urgent’ and what is ‘nonurgent’. ... (3) Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System (2007). Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. The author focuses on the evolution of the function of hospital-based emergency. It attempts to show, through figures and statistics, the number of ED visits for urgent and nonurgent problems. Through secondary-data analysis the author is able to determine that in recent times visits to the EDs for minor injuries rather than serious health problems dramatically increased. The author argued that although EDs keep on performing their usual tasks of giving urgent medical attention, they are forced to provide additional care for patients with nonurgent health problems. The author clearly illustrates that the responsibilities of EDs are continuously expanding. This book is relevant to the current study because it includes a discussion of the problems caused by the increasing pre valence of nonurgent use of EDs such as overcrowding, limited resources, and limited capacity. The author is able to clearly show that if these problems continue the quality of American healthcare will continue to decline. (4) Jones, R. (2004). Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care, Volume 1. New York: Oxford University Press. This book is mainly for general practitioners and primary health providers. The purpose of the author is to provide a conclusive discussion of primary care practice. It involves a discussion of nonurgent use of EDs and the absence of a single definition of the term ‘nonurgent’. The approach used by author is mainly descriptive or exploratory. The author concludes that a significant decrease or total eradication

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation Essay - 7

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation - Essay Example The first thing to be realised is that Thornhill is at greater risk for reoffending perhaps because of some inadequacy in his current life in conjunction with his previous history (Laureate International Universities, 2012). The period between Thornhill’s previous offence and current offence is around five years indicating a period of calm in his life. It is highly likely that some stimulus such as perhaps problems with his girlfriend are bothering Thronhill and causing him to reoffend. It would be unadvisable to look into Thornhill’s case without a fresh forensic psychologist review. Based on the review provided by the forensic psychologist, it could be seen if Thornhill requires community support or time at a regular detention facility to solve his current problems (Laureate International Universities, 2012). The presence of long knives at the home of Thornhill provide for the possibility that the offender might use these in order to inflict violence and possibly murder his girlfriend especially when under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In order to preclude such a possibility, it would be advisable to send a Domestic Violence Officer (DMO) to the house of Thornhill and his live in girlfriend to find out if violence has occurred or is suspected. Given the nature of Thornhill’s unfaithfulness, it is likely that his girlfriend may refuse his entry into the house. However, this is just a possibility as yet and the DMO can discuss this issue with the girlfriend as well. In case that the live in girlfriend does not wish to accommodate Thornhill, it would be advisable to provide her a security plan since Thornhill might attack her out of rage. However, in case that she allows Thornhill back, she should still be given a security plan to contact the police as soon as she is threatened by the offender. If Thornhill’s girlfriend does

Ethics Paper (Intrapreneurship) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Paper (Intrapreneurship) - Essay Example Ethics and Business As per the chapter under consideration that is Chapter One in Making Innovations Work, the authors, nowhere appear to be visibly, directly and discernibly identifying ethics as a driving force in business innovation. In the context of innovation, the authors in the chapter under consideration have amply touched on varied precursors of innovation like leadership, business strategy and mentality, pragmatism, change management, networking and incentives. However, the authors have visibly failed to touch on the ethical dilemmas and problems associated with these aspects of business. The authors have approached the issue of innovation in a format that seems to be mechanically systematic, without delving deeper into the problems that may arise while taking decisions that may seem to challenge the established ethics and morals. The authors have also failed to extend a set of viable and reasonable principles that an organization needs to hold sacrosanct, while opting for innovation and change. Innovation, by its very nature is a process that is bound to challenge the established ethics in a plethora of ways. Ethics and Innovation Strategy There is no denying the fact that ethics should play a major role in the innovation strategy of a company or organization. Businesses constitute a part of the society, and hence must stick to ethical norms and values while pursuing innovation to maintain trustworthiness both within and in a larger social context (Oden, 1997, p. 4). Any business is a sub-system within a larger system called society. A viable business responds to this responsibility in a variety of ways like vying to protect the interests of the shareholders, by being transparent, by being sensitive to the expectations and aspirations of its employees, by being committed to enhancing efficiency, by being responsible towards environmental concerns, and the like. Besides, business ethics play a pivotal role in the context of decisional freedom associat ed with any innovation strategy (Oden, 1997, p. 7). Hence, it is the business ethics that extend a viable framework for balancing the varied interests and values tagged to any innovation strategy. Rewriting the Rules of Innovation â€Å"The Rules of Innovation† presented in Chapter one could be rewritten to bring in an ethical dimension into the overall innovation strategy of a business: 1. Exert strong leadership on the innovation strategy and compliance with the agreed upon ethics and moral constraints within an organization. 2. Integrate innovation and ethical compliance as unexceptional constituents of the company’s business mentality. 3. Aligning the amount and type of innovation with a distinct regard for ethical conduct and behavior. 4. Well managing the natural tension that exists between creativity, profitability and ethical conduct 5. Retaining a strong ethical sense of direction, while doing away with the superfluous routines and cultural norms. 6. Forging a n innovation oriented network both within and without, based on the respect for the values and aspirations of all the stakeholders associated with this network. 7. Giving way to apt rewards and incentives to encourage innovation, without relying on the negative stimuli like fear, power politics and threats. Ethical Impact Inculcation of an ethical component within each of â€Å"

Making a script for Bad-news presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Making a script for Bad-news presentation - Essay Example The continuous and dramatic changes in the consumer patterns demand that we become flexible, fluid and capable to adapt to the ever changing global environment, the demand for our products is falling, and if necessary steps are not taken immediately then it would spell disaster for all of us, as production would need to be cut down resulting in the downsizing of the workforce, in simple words, it would mean many of us will lose our jobs and our ties with this company would end. But I am pleased to report that our senior executives have taken the right decision at the right time, and in favor of all of us. After deliberate consideration, it has been decided that the national chain ‘Neilson’s Electronics’ should take Echo Computers under its umbrella and save us from unemployment. However, this is not just a one-sided game; we need to demonstrate our support and cooperation for this acquisition to succeed. You have to believe in yourselves like I believe in you, and we have to be fast and efficient in adapting to changes in our workplace environment. Our product range would widen, and now we would provide not only computer-related goods, but also general electronics and house goods, this would mean an opportunity to prove your salesman potential. The three weeks of retraining at your disposal challenges every one of you to demonstrate your competence and reliability, and gives you a chance to secure your jobs. If you do not cooperate, you would be left behind; therefore I suggest you to be united and strong, as integrity and passion would lead to your success. I must remind you that things could have been much worse if this store would have been shut down. I realize that this transitory phase is a hard time for all of you, but this is nevertheless much better in every measurable way than losing your job (wikiHow, 2010). Your goal herein is to perform up to your maximum capabilities and prove your strength, and I wish you great success and

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 101

Summary - Essay Example The variables under investigation were the social capital and public engagement in public affairs, both of which are necessary in strengthening the responsiveness of civil societies and political institutions. These factors are necessary in maintaining healthy democracies in the society. The research method was a direct survey using online questionnaires; respondents were asked questions regarding the use of social networks to obtain news and the effects that the news obtained had on their knowledge and participation in political issues. To increase the response rate, a monetary incentive was used; participants were entered in a draw where they could win monetary prizes. The variables under investigation were social capital, offline political participation, civic participation, social demographic variables, use of media news, use of social networks for news and general social network use. In each variable, respondents were asked questions regarding their behaviors in using social net works and the effects that these had on the respondents. The research revealed that public use of news in social networks had a direct effect in increasing the social capital significantly. In other words, the use of social networks to keep up with news on issues affecting the community had a positive effect on the social capital. Moreover, the research revealed that the use of social network sites for news improved public participation in the society, which led to increased participation in political discussions, online and offline. As such, people who get informed through social sites tended to participate more in issues affecting the community, with such participation leading to new information seeking behavior. The researchers recommended the investigation of the effects of the socio-economic characteristics of the communities in which respondents live. This will lead to an understanding of the extent to which social economic differences may affect

Should the Government Intervent Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should the Government Intervent Tax - Essay Example Hence the government, in my view, should intervene through tax rates to keep the economy and society controlled. Government intervention through tax rates is of paramount importance when negative externalities are to be dealt with. The market consists of two types of goods, public and private. Private goods are associated to the concept of excludability, referring to the exclusion of people from the benefits of a product or service that do not pay for it. On the other hand, public good is non-excludable and benefits the entire population regardless of their non-payment. Free-riding issue arises in this situation leading to chaos and dissatisfaction toward those counterparts of the society who are not contributing enough to the society compared to the benefits they are receiving (for instance healthcare and security/defense facilities for tax-evaders or undocumented immigrants in some cases). Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (ITEP) has contributed to the knowledge by revealing that undocumented immigrants can be a major source of tax earnings if they are permitted legally to work in th e US and would end up increasing the tax contribution by about $2 billion per year (ITEP, 2015). Government must intervene by changing tax rates to control consumer demands. By increasing tax rates, the government may reduce the disposable income and hence reduce the consumer demand. Similarly, if it wants to increase consumer demand, generally or specifically for certain goods and services, subsidies can be provided and/or tax on that particular product/service can be reduced. Hence, tax rates on specific products, services or industries as well as taxes on individuals and specific population groups can both help governments to keep harmony in the economy. The government calls funds from the local economy by taxing general public and businesses. These funds are then

Using mobile phone Essay Example for Free

Using mobile phone Essay Why people nowadays prefer using mobile phone to using telephone ? Although many researches indicated that mobile phones have some bad influences on human, The number of people using mobile phones are increasing every year. First of all , I’ll talk about the advantages of cell phone and how does it influence to our daily life . The most obvious advantages of mobile phone are that it can be mobilized. People can use mobile phones everywhere they want such as buses, companies, schools etc. Meanwhile, telephones are immobilized which is hard to use outside . On the other hand, mobile phones can help the users to contact the other people. People can make a simple phone call or send a message with their photos . I have a mobile phone and it is really useful for me to call my family, my friends or chat with many people and share my pictures. Moreover , life is not interesting without mobile phone because many entertaining functions can be used in mobile phones. It is unbelievable that mobile phone provide many good entertainment like taking a photo, playing games, listening to music, connecting Internet, reading book etc. So what about the disadvantages ? Do those things make the bad effect to our healthy? . As we all know that , The main fundamental rules of cell phone base on electromagnetic wave . And this kind of wave often harms to our healthy if using it chronically by making some serious illnesses such as : mental problems , reproductive problems etc. Moreover , The distractions which it brings to us will effect to our work . We can’t focus on working because too much entertaining things on a smart cell phone . That’s my opinions about this topic. Thanks for listening .

Essay On Critical Incident Analysis During Placement Nursing Essay

Essay On Critical Incident Analysis During Placement Nursing Essay This essay will reflect on critical incident which took place at my placement. It will outline how critical incident analysis is incorporated in the care provision of people with mental health problems particularly from a nursing perspective. I will also attempt to point out the weakness and the values of reflection and analyse care provision in a more structured therapeutic approach. Bandman and Bandman, (2002) suggest that in order to analyse an incident we need to think critically, reflecting on our beliefs, ideas, feelings and use of language. Gamble and Brennan, (2000) suggest that relationship between reflection and critical thinking emphasises the need for critical thinking to be based on reflective thinking. In this essay I shall also draw on Johns Reflective Cycle (Pearson et al 1996) to give the reader a clear understanding and analysis of the incident, highlighting risk management as a major issue of concern. I will also highlight the daily risks, which Mental Health Nurse s face in relation to the ethics, policies and procedures that guide them. All names have been changed for reasons of confidentiality Nursing and Midwifery Council, (2008). Drawing upon an incident within my most recent placement, the discussion will reflect on the therapeutic intervention of family therapy as long-term psychotherapeutic intervention to treat an identified patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. It will also critically analyse the benefits and shortfalls of this intervention. Description Reflecting on the incident described later in this essay, I found it more appropriate to use Johns Reflective Cycle, (Pearson et al 1996) because it focuses on both the patient and the nurse unlike other models that lack a user focus reflection mainly on the nurses feelings, ideas, beliefs and judgements. Johns Reflective Cycle (Pearson et al 1996) places great emphasis on the feelings, emotions and insight of the client as well as the practitioner, which I feel is of greater significance as it offers a more objective perspective. The reflective cycle is also very clear, easy to follow, easy to understand and gives the reader a clear analysis of the incident which is very important in making sense of the whole reflective process. Johns reflective cycle illustrates the following framework; first stage- phenomenon, second stage-rationale, third sage-causal essential factors, fourth stage-reflection, fifth stage-alternative actions, sixth stage-conclusion. Following this guideline it is that one can structure their reflection and bring out sense to the whole reflective process. I chose to write about this incident because I feel it emphasizes the risks mental health nurses face when working with mentally disturbed people. It shows how policies and procedures can disempower professionals, placing them at increased risk of aggressive or disruptive behaviour. I also found it easy to use the critical incident analysis technique to evaluate possible therapeutic intervention in patient care. The risk posed by the patient in this scenario could have been reduced if the nurses involved in the patient care used psychosocial interventions. The incident described in this essay call into question the policies and procedures used in Community Mental Health Services on dealing with crisis or emergency situation and the duty of care as a role the nurse. Legally and ethically nurses are not allowed to search patients in the community, (Thomas et al 1997) which places staff in a very vulnerable position which is very evident after reading and reflecting on the scenario. Zack suffers from Paranoid Schizophrenia. Following is a brief summary on Schizophrenia in order to give the reader a picture of the patients condition. Schizophrenia is a broad term given to group of mental illness which are traditionally characterised by thought disorder, auditory and visual hallucinations, delusional beliefs along with emotional and behavioural disorder leading to progressive deterioration and social withdrawal Ironbar and Hopper, (1989). This patient in-particular suffers from Paranoid Schizophrenia, distinguished by intense thought disorder, delusions and hallucinations, the sufferer having perceptions, beliefs and ideas of reference that things are being said about them and things being done to them which they believe may cause them harm Thomas et al (1997). Medical treatment involves long-term use of psychotropic medications such as anti-psychotic drugs and mood stabilisers. From a social model approach research has shown that long-term psychotherapy programme s such as family therapy have proven effective Thomas et al (1997). Patient Profile and Context Zack is 28 year old male outpatient known to the Mental Health Services since 2001 with a diagnosis of Paranoid Schizophrenia. Zack is an asylum seeker from Algeria and of Muslim origin, though he is not very strict with the religion. He visits the clinic every fortnight for his depot (Depixol) injection. When is unwell, he develops ideas that Jews and homosexuals are conspiring against him and believes he has special powers. Both his parents are alive; they believe he brings shame to the family due to his mental illness. There has been growing concerns about Zacks family not doing enough to help him through his illness and neglecting his needs. Staff has raised the need to engage the family in family therapy as a way of helping Zack and family cope with his illness but as yet no family members has agreed to this type of intervention. Scenario/Phenomenon-Reflection The Depot clinic normally opens at eleven oclock following the weekly Community Mental Health Team meeting. Zack was due for his depot injection that day but he arrived two hours early looking unkempt. The Community Psychiatry Nurse (CPN) and I went to talk to Zack and told him that we were having a meeting therefore he had to come back when the clinic opens. Zack said he wanted to have his injection early because he wished attend the Muslim celebrations taking place locally that day. He displayed signs of being mentally disturbed, talking and muttering to himself about apparently meaningless and strange things. Zack appeared to be very hostile and provocative with fluctuating thoughts. The CPN insisted Zack had to wait but he was adamant on receiving the depot immediately. Zack became increasingly agitated, pacing up and down, raising his voice shouting abusive words to us. Zack began to make treats of arson, claiming he had a knife. He suggested he would stab one of us if we did not adhere to his demands. As soon as he said that and having observed his behaviour, I was perplexed on the one hand the need to do something about this patient who was clearly unwell and in need of support and treatment, while also being mindful of the risk to both the CPN and myself. The CPN decided to minimise the risk by agreeing to give Zack his injection and getting him out of the building as quickly as possible. I felt this was a risky decision because if Zack did have a knife we were potentially placing ourselves in greater danger by engaging with him further. I pulled the CPN to the side I let my feelings known. The CPN responded by informing me that Zack did not have a history of violent or aggressive behaviour nor was he known to carry knives. I felt we needed to make sure Zack was not carrying any knives or sharps before we went into the clinical room to give him his injection. The CPN then asked Zack calmly and politely if he was carrying the knife at this point Zack produced a knife from inside his jacket. We followed the Trust policy for dealing with armed and dangerous patients that you must call for back-up; we pressed the alarm alerting other staff for assistance. The police were called and arrived very quickly they seized the knife Zack was also found to be carrying a screwdriver. He was taken to an acute admissions ward of a nearby hospital under Section 2 of the Mental Health Act (1983) for further assessment of his mental state. His family were informed but they seemed not to be concerned. Influencing Factors Family therapy involves the whole family in the treatment process based on the understanding that a particular symptom or group of symptoms, exhibited by a family member. Reflecting on Zacks relationship with his family it is important to note that due to their culture the family had negative attitude towards the illness and they felt it brought shame to the family. By educating the family, which is a major component of family therapy, it helps gain understanding into the illness, how they can monitor, support and supervise the patient which contributes to the development of insight and helps reduce risk of relapse and hospital admission. Fadden, (1999) cited by (Gillam 2002, p106) defines psycho educational interventions as those interventions where the patient and family members are seen together, where is acquisition component in addition to a didactic element where the primary aim is reduction of relapse in the patient It has been shown that those patients who have family who are willing to engage in the patients care in a supportive manner have an enhanced probability of maintaining stability in their mental state. Therefore, use of family therapy as a long-term psychosocial intervention reduces the risk of relapse, which is what happened in this scenario with Zack. Engaging with the patient is very important in providing care and monitoring people with schizophrenia and it would be very important for the patient and his family. The family also feel supported by the therapist who works with them to help develop an understanding of the illness and reduce their fear and misguided prejudices. As a nurse/therapist it would be important to understand effects of culture in this situation and try to bring awareness to the family that mental illness is very common and maybe show the family statistics on how many people live with mental illness. It would also be important to educate the family on understanding the improvement rate for people who engage into family therapy and benefits. Evidence based practice would be very important when working with this family as it shows proof that treatment can actually work and has been proven to do so in many cases. Family therapy has been found to be effective, as an adjunct to drug therapy in the management of schizophrenia Birchwood, (1994), therefore the family should monitor that patient is taking medication as required. By encompassing family therapy, psycho education it encompass the involvement and support of family members in the care of an individual Gillam, (2002) which is very important in this scenario. This helps the family gain understanding into the illness and accepts it even though this might be difficult due their cultural beliefs. Staffs are always at risk of aggressive patients and therefore there is great need for risk assessment. Clinical risk is concerned with the danger in which an individual might pose to themselves or others Gamble and Brennan, (2000). Research has identified that the occurrence of violence, arson and homicide depends on additional situational factors and their accumulation lead to increased risk. In this situation having observed the incident from the beginning, I observed Zacks escalating behaviour, presentation such as speech, voice tone, gestures and they determine a lot in ones mental state Gamble and Brennan, (2000). There are other precipitating factors leading to this incident such as the psychosocial environment and stimuli in this case the day of the depot coinciding with the celebrations. If it was a different day, maybe Zack would not been very paranoid and carrying a knife. Also the fact that staff could not meet his needs, it made him more aggressive and in a way no one would have known he was carrying a knife. Psychiatry nurses face importance of risk assessment due to the restrictions they have in searching people who they suspect to be dangerous. The fact that Mental Health Clinics have no enough security measures to detect people who bring in weapons, it increases the risk. Staffs are limited in the procedures of working with patients and it is illegal and unethical to go through patients things or searching them without their consent Thomas et al, (1997). Mental illnesses can manifest in a way that can cause distress to both the patient family and carers but with the help of such therapies as family therapy I recommend it. I believe that Zack could benefit more from it. This intervention has been proven useful by research in the management of schizophrenia Gamble and Brennan, (2000), therefore it is useful to use such therapies inform our care as part of evidence based practice. Rowland and Goss, (2000), writes about evidence based practice as the aspirations nurses should deliver care and therapy based on procedures that are known through research to be effective. Family therapy help the patient cope with their condition and improve their quality of life. Relatives and carers also benefit and by empowering the patient, the family members help the patient change their behaviour Slade and Haddock, (1996) cited by Gamble and Brennan (2000). Research carried out in the last twenty years on high Expressed Emotion (EE) by the Social Psychiatry Unit at the Institute of Psychiatry provided evidence of negative impact of high (EE) on the course of the family of a schizophrenic patient Gamble and Brennan, (2000 ). Families find distress in copying with the condition but they are also showed hostile behaviour by the sufferer and eventually become emotionally over involved. These developments led to the development of family therapy intervention. Family therapy reduces the effect of schizophrenia such as hospitalisation and relapse Ironbar and Hooper, (1989). If Zacks family was involved in care, this incident might not have happened. Family therapy also improves patients functioning and lowers the burden on the family. If one receives support from family, he is more likely to improve adherence to medication, less violent and lower negative family effect. A component of family therapy includes engagement of families and patients, behaviour, self-management, maintenance of skills, dealing with violence, risk management, assessment, cultural issues, over involvement and interpersonal boundaries, Gamble and Brennan, (2000). In Zacks situation all the above on family therapy would be helpful and it involves issue on culture hence Zacks family feels he is a disgrace to the family, which is part of their cultural beliefs. Making them understand the illness would be more helpful in coping with Zacks illness. Research has also found out that these psychosocial interventions are more useful than taking routine medication treatment and not only benefit patient, but also family carers and relatives Ironbar and Hooper, (1989). In helping this patient, this type of intervention should help him gain insight and doing individualised care with the nurse in the therapy it can be achieved. Gillam, (2002) suggests the importance of using drug treatment therapy in conjunction with family therapy for maximum benefit to the patient, family and carers. Reflecting more on this scenario, it brings out issues of concern and critical incident analysis would be very important to guide the whole reflecting process. Developing skills on reflecting enables one to learn more effectively from practice situation and identify what you have learned in practice John, (2000). There is also emphasis that reflection is related to a complex and deliberate process of conscious thinking about interpreting experience in order to learn from it. In this incident I used my knowledge on risk management to lower the risks Mental Health Nurses face in working with mentally ill patients. I was trying to minimise the occurrence of an event that would be dangerous. Considering the importance of critical incident analysis to analyse this scenario was because it gives me an understanding and appreciation of the whole Clinical Incident Analysis (CIT) process. I also chose family therapy because as noted before the family could offer a lot of help to the patient, but only if they can engage with the patient and understand the mental illness and how they can lower the fear and prejudices of living with somebody with a mental illness. Before this incident happened, I felt very nervous that being a student nurse involved in such a difficult situation. However, my feelings changed later when Zack was found to be carrying a knife. Having not emphasised on the nurse to check if the patient actually had the knife, this could have lead into someone getting hurt or even killed by the patient. This was also a learning process for me I learnt that besides taking medication like in this situation, the patient was on medication, there are other therapeutic interventions which can be used to lower the stresses in the family of a schizophrenic patient and help the patient manage and cope with his own illness. Critical incident analysis was very important in giving structure to the whole reflection process and gain appreciation to therapeutic interventions that nurses can use in managing schizophrenia. On the other hand I knew it was unethical and illegal to search this patient, but I felt in such incident, nurses should have the power to search thought to be dangerous or threatening to staff. Evidently, according to reports from Department of Health (DH) (2008), there has been an increase in the violent incidents involving staff working with patients with mental health problems. The issue of risk management, risk assessment is something not to ignore in Mental Health Nursing. Risk management is intended purpose of assessment process, reducing severity of identified risks though they vary over time and circumstances Gamble and Brennan, (2000). Gates et al (2000) identifies clinical risk assessment as an established tenet of Psychiatry Nursing treatment. The establishments of National Service Framework and Guidelines (DOH, 2008) have emphasised on practitioners on the importance of risk assessment. There have been a large number of tragedies and homicidal incidents involving psychiatry patients therefore there have been high expectations in considering risk assessment as a major tool in mental health nursing. Alternative Strategies In this incident I felt I had to remind the CPN on the danger Zack was posing to us, reflecting on practice Thomas et al (1997). This is achieved by assessing situations and judge how dangerous they could be or how best you can deal with them in a professional and ethical way. NMC, (2008) states that professionalism and accountability in all our practices and by being accountable, you have a good cause to justify your actions in this situation safety was a priority. In future if I face the same situation, I would act quicker and take precautions to safety in time. I would also use good interpersonal skills to try and talk to the patient. I would also use my knowledge of risk management and safety precautions since nurses have a duty to look after themselves as well as public, than just looking after the patient Stern and Drummond, (1995). I would also consider that when working with people with schizophrenia there is great need to engage into psychotherapy interventions, family therapy a priority adjunct to drug therapy. Conclusion- Learning In conclusion, the essay clearly considers the values of family therapy as a possible psychotherapeutic intervention to be used in the management of schizophrenia. It also gives appreciation of the whole process. The essay also demonstrates the importance of ongoing clinical supervision and the role of a Psychiatry Nurse. Evidently throughout the essay, it is clear that mental health nurses face a great risk in their day to day practices in working with mentally ill patients. Highlighted is the importance of reflecting and using Clinical Incident Analysis (CIT) process as a major tool to help the whole reflective process. The stages of Johns reflective cycle were used in the essay as it enabled the writer to identify the phenomenon. The need for risk assessment and critical thinking you are able to analyse and reflect on an incident and bring more sense to the reader. Word Count: 3294

Battle of Iwo Jima :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iwo Jima, Battle of, one of the most costly battles of the Pacific campaign of WWII, fought in February and March 1945 on the island of Iwo Jima. About 6800 U. S. personnel lost their lives in seizing the island from the Japanese; Japanese losses were estimated at more than 21,000. The capture of the island provided American air units with the first base inside the Japanese inner-defense system from which to attack the heart if industrial Japan with medium bombers escorted by fighters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the actual invasion on February 19, the island was subjected to air and sea bombing for three months. In spite of the preinvasion attack, some Japanese were still firmly entrenched in underground fortifications in soft volcanic soil. The Marines secured the island after a month of the most severe fighting in their history. Mount Suribachi, the highest point on the island and an important defense position, was captured on February 23, 1945. The campaign was officially declared ended on March 16.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iwo Jima, Battle of, one of the most costly battles of the Pacific campaign of WWII, fought in February and March 1945 on the island of Iwo Jima. About 6800 U. S. personnel lost their lives in seizing the island from the Japanese; Japanese losses were estimated at more than 21,000. The capture of the island provided American air units with the first base inside the Japanese inner-defense system from which to attack the heart if industrial Japan with medium bombers escorted by fighters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the actual invasion on February 19, the island was subjected to air and sea bombing for three months.

Characterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter Ess

Characterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Throughout his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne reveals character through the use of imagery and metaphor.    In the first Chapter of The Scarlet Letter, "The Prison-Door", the reader is immediately introduced to the people of Puritan Boston. Hawthorne begins to develop the character of the common people in order to build the mood of the story. The first sentence begins, "A throng of bearded men, in sad-colored garments and gray, steeple-crowned hats, intermixed with women, some wearing hoods, and others bareheaded, was assembled in front of a wooden edifice, the door of which was heavily timbered with oak, and studded with iron spikes" (Hawthorne 45). Hawthorne's use of vivid visual images and his Aaccumulation of emotionally weighted details" (Baym xii) creates sympathy for the not yet introduced character, Hester Prynne, and creates an immediate understanding of the harshness of the Puritanic code in the people. The images created give the freedom to imagine whatever entails sadness and morbidity of character for the reader; Hawthorne does not, however, allow the reader to imagine lenient or cheerful people.    The above excerpt was provided so that the student would know the focus of the essay. The complete essay begins below.    Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804. After his graduation from Bowdoin College in Maine, he quickly became a well-known author of literary tales concerning early American life. Between 1825 and 1850, he developed his talent by writing short fiction, and he gained international fame for his fictional novel The Scarlet Letter in 1850 (Clendenning 118). Rufus Wilmot Griswold... ...g and appreciation of qualities of characters, and hence, a deeper understanding of underlying motives and psyche. Intricate and methodical characterization is crucial to grasp the full meaning of a narrative.    Works Cited Baym, Nina. Introduction. The Scarlet Letter. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York City: Penguin Books USA, Inc. 1986. Clendenning, John. "Nathaniel Hawthorne." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1989 ed. Griswold, Rufus Wilmot. "The Scarlet Letter." The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors. Ed. Charles Wells Moulton. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith Publishing, 1959. 341-371. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1986. Smiles, Samuel. "The Scarlet Letter." The Critical Temper. Ed. Martin Tucker. New York City: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1962. 266.

One Blood Essay -- Essays Papers

One Blood One Blood is a book designed to highlight the life and works of Dr. Charles Drew and to set the record straight about his famous, tragic death. The book starts with the academic career of Dr. Drew. Dr. Drew attended Amherst College where he fought with the majority of white students that surrounded hi. He was an athletic student who had average grades. He was forced to go to Canada to attend medical school when no universities in the U.S. would grant him admission. He believed that the Canadian people were â€Å"color blind† because there was no segregation in the nation. After finishing school and some internships he came back to the United States to work with Dr. Beattie. With his foot in the door, Dr. Drew went on to make great achievements in the field of blood work. He pioneered the use of blood plasma for transfusions., an act that saved many lives during the course of WWII. He also co-founded one of the first blood-banks in the United States and help set international standards for blood donation and storage. Dr. Drew did not succeed without facing adversity though. Although qualified, he was refused admittance to several national medical organizations due to his color. Dr. Drew was a fair skinned, red haired black man, but a black man nonetheless. The organizations included the American Medical Association and the American College of Surgeons. Dr. Drew campaigned against the regulations barring blacks from joining local or national medical ... One Blood Essay -- Essays Papers One Blood One Blood is a book designed to highlight the life and works of Dr. Charles Drew and to set the record straight about his famous, tragic death. The book starts with the academic career of Dr. Drew. Dr. Drew attended Amherst College where he fought with the majority of white students that surrounded hi. He was an athletic student who had average grades. He was forced to go to Canada to attend medical school when no universities in the U.S. would grant him admission. He believed that the Canadian people were â€Å"color blind† because there was no segregation in the nation. After finishing school and some internships he came back to the United States to work with Dr. Beattie. With his foot in the door, Dr. Drew went on to make great achievements in the field of blood work. He pioneered the use of blood plasma for transfusions., an act that saved many lives during the course of WWII. He also co-founded one of the first blood-banks in the United States and help set international standards for blood donation and storage. Dr. Drew did not succeed without facing adversity though. Although qualified, he was refused admittance to several national medical organizations due to his color. Dr. Drew was a fair skinned, red haired black man, but a black man nonetheless. The organizations included the American Medical Association and the American College of Surgeons. Dr. Drew campaigned against the regulations barring blacks from joining local or national medical ...

Scarlet Letter Analysis

Kelsey Federspill Scarlet Letter Literary Analysis R5 12. 2. 12 Over Coming Guilt Remorse is a feeling experienced after committing an act that produces a sense of guilt. A life lesson can be learned in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, about the theme of guilt. Everyone experiences guilt when they commit a sin or human frailty but the way one handles the feelings of guilt is different.Guilt is expressed in three main ways: ignoring or hiding the sin and letting the guilt build up on the inside, blaming others for the sin and wanting revenge for the way the person feels, and embracing the sin committed and not releasing the guilt. The different ways guilt is experienced determines the way it is punished: by others or no one at all. But punishment for the sin doesn't always affect the amount of guilt felt by one. Hawthorne uses symbolism and irony to demonstrate that guilt should not take over one’s life, rather it should be a lesson learned of embracement , forgiveness, and acceptance.In The Scarlet Letter, the character Hester Prynne is well known for the scarlet letter that she was forced to wear. Prynne embraced the punishment of the scarlet letter and used the punishment in a unique way, â€Å"On the breast of her gown in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter A† (37). The letter ‘A’ represented the sin of adultery that Prynne had committed.The community choose this form of punishment for Prynne to make her feel guilty for the act of adultery she committed and used it as an example to the rest of the community. As Prynne egresses from prison Hawthorne describes the scene, â€Å"the scene was not without a mixture of awe, such as must always invest the spectacle of guilt and shame in a fellow-creature† (39). Prynne chooses to embrace the scarlet letter rather than let the feeling of guilt take over her life because she desired to set a good example for her daughter, Pearl.She was able to embrace her sin and the scarlet letter because she was working to set an example for her daughter. It was ironic how the community tried to force guilt on to Prynne, but in return she embraced the punishment in full stride and even used it to purify herself, â€Å"Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and her should be the scene of her punishment; and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul, and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saint-like, because the result of martyrdom† (55).When the town people saw Prynne as she exited the prison, people said, â€Å"thus she will be a living sermon against sin† (44). The town people would always be reminded of her sin. Prynne did not let the guilt of her sin produce a major impact on her life. Rather she accepted her transgression and learned the importance of not letting her past mistake s and guilt negatively affect her future. Rosebushes are full of beauty but pain can be inflicted on someone who tries to hold it due to the rosebush’s sharp thorns.When Hawthorne depicts the town he describes the rosebush on the side of the prison, â€Å"but, on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rosebush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of nature could pity and be kind to him† (33). The rosebush symbolizes forgiveness from guilt throughout The Scarlet Letter.Pearl, Prynne’s daughter, was visiting the governor’s hall with her mother one day to deliver a pair of embroider gloves Prynne had made. While at the governor’s house, Pearl saw a rosebush and reacted in an unusual way, â€Å"Pearl, seeing the ros ebushes, began to cry for a red rose, and would not be pacified,† (73). Pearl responded with this meltdown because she wanted forgiveness for her mother and for her father, Reverend Dimmesdale, to be accepted by the community. Pearl felt guilty but blamed it on others. She was seeking revenge on the townspeople for the way they made her mother feel.The irony of the rosebush is how it hurt Prynne, Pearl, and Dimmesdale, like the thorns on a rosebush when touched. In the end the family moved out of their community attempting to not let the mistakes of the past take over their present lives. Ultimately, they choose a fresh start. Pearl was a product of Prynne’s sin of adultery. Pearl’s birth was very humiliating for Prynne; nevertheless Pearl still meant the world to Prynne. Pearl’s name even has significance, â€Å"but she names the infant ‘Pearl,’ as being of great price,– purchased with all she had,– her mother’s only tre asure† (61).The biblical allusion to the pearl is referred to in Matthew 13 about a parable of a man who gave up everything for a pearl of great price. Prynne gave up everything she had for her daughter. She even dresses Pearl in the best clothes, while she dresses very poorly. To Prynne, Pearl was a symbol of strength and overcoming obstacles. Prynne said, â€Å"I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this [the scarlet letter],† (76). Prynne is a great example and life lesson to Pearl of how to accept the mistakes made in the past and not let the shame define oneself. Prynne uses Pearl to show how tough a young child can be.On the other hand, the town viewed Pearl as the devil child: evil. The town discussed Pearl as, â€Å"an imp of evil, emblem and product of sin,† (64) and, â€Å"poor little Pearl was a demon offspring,† (68). Pearl herself is truly a symbol of ignorance and hope. Hawthorne described an occurrence of Pearl talking to Mr. W ilson, a pastor, â€Å"after putting her finger in her mouth, with many ungracious refusals to answer good Mr. Wilson’s question, the child finally announced that she had not been made at all, but had been plucked by her mother off the rosebush of wild roses, that grew by the prison,† (76).Pearl believed she was created for good and had an optimistic attitude on life. She did not let guilt become an emotion known in her. Pearl did not let the past effect her future. In conclusion, life lessons were learned about embracement, forgiveness, and acceptance from guilt with the use of symbolism and irony from Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter. The different ways guilt can be handled was demonstrated in The Scarlet Letter, but not letting guilt take over one’s life was key. Moving on and learning from a sin or human frailty is significant and something everyone can learn from.

Applications of Machiavelli Essay

There are many ideas people can learn from history’s great thinkers and achievers. The Renaissance Era had the fastest progress in history. During this era, many thinkers and achievers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo introduced new ideas and new forms of art. Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian politician and diplomat. The reason his theories are advanced is that he is already used critical thinking while he lived in a country where most people explained things using God and religion. He was also a philosopher, and his many theories about managing a kingdom were quite innovative in Renaissance times. The Prince is a manual about how to manage a kingdom successfully. The Prince was written for Lorenzo de Medici of the Medici Family, which was the best known family in the Renaissance Era. Medici Family made great contributions to the culture because it traded and paid for many works of art in that period. The Medici Family was rich and powerful in Italy, and it was the Renaissance equivalent of a major corporation. Machiavelli lived hundreds of years before the major corporation of today, but The Prince can still be used as a guide to getting ahead in business, just as it is a guide for building a successful princedom. The Medici Family had existed for hundreds of years, and it was powerful and rich just like the Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company may also last for hundreds of years since it has been successful for over a hundred years. The Prince tells readers how to use power correctly; it also tells readers how to sustain the kingdom’s power and prevent the kingdom’s  decay. More specifically, Machiavelli tells readers that what kind of personality and morality a successful prince should have. The Prince contains some of Machiavelli’s ideas which were very advanced for that period. These ideas are still useful now and can also equally be applied to the Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company is the leader in the beverage industry, and it is a very successful global company. Managing the Coca-Cola Company is similar to managing a kingdom. Therefore, Some of Machiavelli’s theories could be used by the Coca-Cola Company. In the chapter â€Å"How princes should honor their word† and â€Å"The constitutional principality†, I found some appropriate ideas which may be helpful to The Coca-Cola Company. Thesis statement: Although Niccolo Machiavelli died hundreds of years ago, some of his ideas such as showing only the good qualities, keeping a good relationship with people, and making the product indispensable to people are helpful to the Coca-Cola Company. Honor the word: In The Prince, Machiavelli makes some recommendations to the king about how princes should to honor their word. The recommendations can also apply to the advertising of the Coca-Cola Company. Machiavelli said, â€Å"A prince, therefore, need not necessarily have all the good qualities I mentioned above, but he should certainly appear to have them.†(57) No one is perfect, including the prince. Machiavelli believes that a prince should show his good qualities, and hide his bad qualities. It is like the advertisements of the Coca-Cola Company. A good advertisement should show all the advantages of the products or services advertised, and hide the disadvantages. Furthermore, we use our genuineness to earn other people’s trust. However, Machiavelli has a unique perspective on how to earn the trust of people. In chapter eighteen of The Prince, â€Å"†¦princes who have achieved great things have been those who have given their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning, and who, in the end, have overcome those abiding by honest principles.† (56) If princes want to earn the trust of people, they need to use some type of scheme instead of being honest. This idea can also be used in advertising. A good advertisement is impressive, and it shows only the advantages to the customers instead of showing  everything about the product to the customers. According to Interbrand, Coca-Cola is the most valued brand in the world. Coca-Cola has good sales performance because it attaches great importance to its products’ advertisements. It placed advertisements in magazines, on TV, in websites, and on street signs. In China, the Coca-Cola Company hired a number of well-known Chinese movie stars and athletes to make commercials for Coke. Coke is a great drink for summer because it is thirst quenching and cool. One of the short commercials was very impressive. A group of teenagers was running on the street, and they were sweating hard. Everyone was tired and thirsty. At this time, a van with a Coca-Cola logo passed by. They recovered their energy by drinking Coke. The whole advertisement focused on the teenagers’ athletic bodies and their expressions of enjoyment. This advertisement showed the advantages of Coke, which are the wonderful taste and the cool refreshment; however, it did not show the disadvantages of Coke including high amounts of sugar, caffeine, and chemical additives. After watching the commercial, people have the desire to buy Coke. As Machiavelli advised, The Coca Cola Company is using cunning to trick customers into drinking their soft drinks by showing only the positive aspects of Coca Cola. Relationship with people: Machiavelli has written about the relationship between the prince and the people. â€Å"I shall only conclude that it is necessary for a prince to have the friendship of the people; otherwise he has no remedy in times of adversity†(34) If a prince does not have a good relationship with the people, he will soon lose his power. A prince brings peace and prosperity to the people, and the people give their support to the prince. The â€Å"people† in The Prince are similar to customers in modern society. If a company wants to hold a great market share in the industry, it must focus on its relationship with customers. The Coca-Cola Company has a positive image for customers. The product is shown as â€Å"energetic and youthful†. When people visit the Coca-Cola Company’s official website, they can feel the company’s enthusiasm. The Coca-Cola Company has a short film on its home page which shows polar bears. This film is about the happy life of polar bears. The bears in the film are really cute and kind, and they are enjoying Coca Cola. It definitely leaves a good impression on the customers. Also, the Coca-Cola  Company has successful marketing strategies. The Coca-Cola Company has a great amount of loyal customers because it serves more than 200 countries in the world; customers can buy their products everywhere because they have the most advanced distribution channel. As a result, Coca-Cola is the most valued brand in the world; it has held about a 48% market share of the beverage industry. The Coca-Cola Company is the leader in the industry because it has a good relationship with customers. Make products indispensable: According to The Prince, â€Å"Therefore a wise prince must devise ways by which his citizens are always and in all circumstances dependent on him and on his authority; and then they will always be faithful to him.†Ã¯ ¼Ë†35) That is to say, If a prince wants the people always be faithful to him, he should make people dependent on him. The Coca-Cola Company has a similar idea. When it was introduced, Coca-Cola contained cocaine, and this is the origin of the name â€Å"Coca Cola†. Cocaine is a stimulant from the leaves of the coca plant. People become addicted to cocaine by the long-term use of it. After cocaine was prohibited, The Coca-Cola Company put caffeine in Coke instead of cocaine. However, caffeine still can make people become addicted to Coke, thus, they become dependent upon having Coca Cola for the unique flavor and for the caffeine. One of the most important people in the Coca-Cola Company’s history is Robert W. Woodruff. He was the CEO of the Coca-Cola Company in 1923. Woodruff had the same idea as Machiavelli, which is making customers â€Å"dependent† on Coke. He mentioned that if the customers could not get Coke immediately when they were thirsty, Coca-Cola would lose in the competitive marketplace. The first vending machine was invented, and the Coca Cola Company began to sell coke in retail stores and convenience stores. Woodruff’s idea was to satisfy all the customers no matter when and where the customers wanted Coca Cola. The Coca-Cola Company made a very successful commercial in 1937, which was groundbreaking for that period because the theme was lifestyle. In this commercial, The Coca-Cola Company highlighted the importance of Coke in life instead of the attributes or ingredients of Coke. The most famous advertising slogan from this commercial is â€Å"The Pause That Refreshes†. Woodruff spent a lot of money and time on promoting Coke, but it was well worth the effort. The Coca-Cola  Company still spends lots of money on advertising even in nowadays. In 2012, the Coca-Cola Company spent more than three billion dollars on their advertising and increased the sales of firm and brand recognition. The Coca-Cola Company now has many loyal customers, and Coke plays an important role in our daily lives. Conclusion: Machiavelli wrote The Prince for the Medici family. The Medici family was like the big corporations of today. Because of this, Machiavelli’s ideas are just as important now as they were during the Renaissance era. As Machiavelli advised, princes should only show their good qualities and hide the bad qualities. Through its advertising, the Coca-Cola Company is using cunning to trick customers into drinking its soft drinks by showing only the positive aspects of Coke. Moreover, Machiavelli believes that if princes have a good relationship with people, people will always support them. In modern society, the Coca-Cola Company has many loyal customers because it has a good relationship with them. Furthermore, Machiavelli advised that people will always be faithful to a prince if people are dependent on him. The Coca-Cola Company is using caffeine in its products, so when people drink Coca Cola, they become addicted. Also, the Coca-Cola Company spent a lot of time and money promotin g its products. As a result, the Coca-Cola Company has a great number of loyal customers. All in all, many of the ideas in The Prince are similar to the ideas of the Coca-Cola Company, although The Prince was written during The Renaissance hundreds of years before Coca Cola was introduced. Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolo. â€Å"The Prince.† Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. London: Penguin Group, 1961. 106.

Class Participation Rate And Improving Students Knowledge Education Essay

Abstraction: The Task-based Teaching and Learning manner has been enjoyed a batch in nowadays English instruction procedure. Not merely because it has specified the purposes of both instruction and pupils ‘ acquisition, but besides during the procedure of making the ends, it will assist excite instructors ‘ inspiring abilities and pupils ‘ creativenesss, therefore to develop the involvement in larning and the province of analyzing to their best. However, there are assorted jobs happening in category instruction, of which standout and influential are the low category engagement rate and pupils ‘ low efficiency in geting the needed cognition. To happen out solutions to these jobs, the writer has studied different stuffs every bit good reflected from the learning experience ( instance analyze method ) , proposing that using concerted survey, or teamwork spirit into category instruction will be the most effectual. Cardinal words: co-op survey, Task-based English Teaching, engagement1. IntroductionIt is non easy to make better instruction ends when a category has encountered jobs like low engagement rate, intending that non all the pupils are interested in inquiring or replying inquiries and take parting in activities, merely because the activities are non fascinating at all. And the other job is pupils ‘ low efficiency in geting the needed cognition. There are many factors act uponing the quality of a category instruction. Owning better buildings of learning installations, like advanced multimedia, is far from adequate to do a category acquire its expected ends. As for this, many instructors and experts have been seeking to work out ways to advance pupils ‘ desire to cognize and willingness to make, for illustration, holding more out-of-classroom activities and puting up more advanced subjects to speak and research. But how to do the best of these is still left to research. By anal yzing old researches and making learning pattern in Deyang Foreign Language School, the writer believes concerted survey, which is besides called team-work should be more used in learning and educating. In the undermentioned portion of the thesis, the causes for these jobs mentioned supra will be explained. Following that, the construct of Cooperative Study and its positive relationship with Task-based Class Teaching will be introduced every bit good as how we can really use it into existent instruction. The research the writer has done in Deyang Foreign Language School will be discussed in the last portion.2. Review of Literature2.1 Theory of task-based English Class TeachingTask-based instruction is to get the hang the linguistic communication by utilizing linguistic communication in the activities instead than merely developing for linguistic communication accomplishments and cognition of the linguistic communication larning results. In learning activities, instructors should con centrate on specific communications and linguistic communication undertakings, design of specific and practical undertakings. Students are to finish the acquisition undertakings through look, communicating, dialogue, reading and other linguistic communication in the signifier of enquiry. Task-based instruction method is to absorb the advantages of the past formed of a assortment of learning methods, while it does non except other learning methods. It was first put frontward in the 1980s, emphasizing on â€Å" acquisition by making † in the linguistic communication learning method and communicative attack is the development of linguistic communication instruction in the universe. This has provided learning theoretical footing for the gradual debut of English instruction in China, foreign linguistic communication learning reform in China as a tendency. The characteristics of Task-based Teaching Method include concentrating on completing the undertakings alternatively of pull stringsing some kind of nonmeaningful linguistic communication signifier, and taking at raising pupils ‘ resounding and involvements by supplying interactions which are closely related to existent life and experience.2.2 Theory of Cooperative StudyConcerted survey ( or cooperative acquisition ) is an attack to forming schoolroom activities into academic and societal acquisition experiences. Students work in groups to finish undertakings jointly. Everyone succeeds when the group succeeds. There are 5 basic elements of concerted survey. They are Positive Interdependence, Individual Accountability, Face to Face Interactions, Social Skills, and Benefits. First, Positive Interdependence requires that group members feel connected to each other in the procedure of carry throughing the end. Second, Individual Accountability means that every group member is responsible for being able to show apprehension and comprehension of the erudite academic outlooks and societal ends. Third, Face to Face Interactions suggest that the group must take part by pass oning and discoursing the end. Fourth, Social Skills include listening, organic structure linguistic communication, sharing, accepting thoughts and differences, etc. These are the accomplishments needed prior to or being developed during the group work. And 5th, Benefits include higher ego esteem, achievement and keeping of academic information2.3 Co-relationships between task-based instruction and co-op surveyFrom a chart, we ca n see the co-relation between concerted survey and task-based instruction: ( chart 2.1 ) Undertakings Proper activities instructors Team ends Group activities pupils When all the instruction ends are assigned as group work, those proper activities are needed to be fulfilled by all the pupils with concerted spirit applied into the procedure and with the counsel of the instructors. The characteristics of concerted survey fit the steps taken to complete task-based instruction.3. Causes for jobsBefore really acquiring to cognize how Concerted Survey can be to the full applied into instruction, it is necessary to acquire to cognize the causes for those jobs ( low engagement rate and low efficiency in larning ) mentioned above. Why non all the pupils are willing to take part, and what are the obstructions for leveling up pupils ‘ efficiency in geting cognition? Bing non interested in the category is the ground why they do n't desire positively believing and speaking, which straight influence their quality of geting cognition. Maybe it is because of the stuffs are deadening, the manner the instructor Teachs is deadening, or it is their ain jobs. Students in in-between school are in the adolescent ages, during which many physical and psychological jobs will go on to them. Based on the instruction pattern done in Deyang Foreign Language, the writer has found out that there are chiefly three facets of influential factors listed out as follows: on the facet of pupils, on the facet of instructors, and on the facet of school.3.1 On the facet of pupilsY?ee?â„ ¢i [ Chai Lujing ] ( 2006 ) , who has wrote about how to using concerted spirit into proficient schools, says that, on the one manus, in-between school pupils are during their adolescent period clip, in which they are fighting for psychological independency. The incarnation of which is they tend to cut away the attaching emotions from parents and instructors. And therefore they need to construct other relationships as permutations either with the outside universe, such as societal relationship, or with their adolescent couples, like childhood buddies or schoolmates. Since a batch of in-between school pupils are populating on campus, it is an chance for them to set up new relationships with more people out of known relationships and recognize their life value through their ain attempts and enterprises. On the other manus, all those activities to be carried out in categories need the spirit of willingness to portion and header with others, but this is what the pupils presents are missing. What besides should be responsible for is the â€Å" one kid policy † . Bing the lone kid and the centre at place, they have been spoiled by their households. And their uneasiness has ever made them proud of themselves, lending to the turning unsighted recognition of themselves. This is why they are missing the consciousness and motives to get by with others. She has besides stated that the â€Å" merely kid † has a strong desire to assail, doing them violative and critic, more earnestly, doing them take no joy in doing friends with people they do n't wish but to avenge them therefore to protect themselves. All these indicate that these childs lack concerted spirit, doing them bear no apprehension, compassion and regard towards others. So it is non difficult to reason that this will be obstructions for them to set to the society and have a self-acceptance of one ego. Therefore, even there are activities and undertakings set in a Task-based Class, without pupils ‘ willingness and openness to offer to make, nil can be achieved. Consequently, the category engagement rate will non be every bit high as expected.3.2 On the facet of instructorsNot all the instructors are doing an lineation of a category intricately, for missing of clip or idea of nec essity. As we all know â€Å" jaming instruction and acquisition † has improbably existed in history and influenced our instruction for decennaries. The accent of consequence and classs has made instructors concentrate more on the consequences, whatever the procedure is. Making more exercising and flexing their caputs among the books are ever what a persevering pupil should be. Whenever there is a new category, pupils are burdened with a mass of new cognition, which should be gained by repeatedly reinforcement and examined through trials. Though the task-based instruction and larning method is been developing, the thought that merely repeat message and â€Å" jaming cognition † are difficult to acquire rid of. Teachers rarely do probes on each pupil ‘s personality. Therefore pupils ‘ likes and disfavors are normally heedlessly ignored, and their being asked about inquiries they are non interested in and non able to interrupt the tenseness of a serious categ ory, has decidedly influence pupils ‘ ardor in engagement. Because of deficiency of properly organized activities, which means it is the instructor who is speaking and cramming, a category is difficult to make the ends, harmoniously and pleasantly. And this will decidedly act upon pupil ‘s efficiency in deriving cognition.3.3 On the facet of schoolIn the construct of traditional instruction, it is more focussed on the person ‘s development and competence alternatively of a group ‘s. In in-between school, this has been reflected by prosecuting of high classs. The quality of a school is normally judged by its rate of pupils ‘ credence to a higher instruction. Since all the people are fighting to their ain personal success, the sharing of cognition and the joy of being working together have been ignored. Bing antsy and covetous of other people ‘s accomplishments, many pupils have become more self-acclaimed and self-closing, ne'er desiring to portions knowledge with others, ne'er desiring to interchange thoughts with others. But things have changed. The new demands of course of study claim quality instruction, taking at developing a pupil ‘s all-aspects abilities. And more specifically, many utile types of learning methods are demanded, like Task-based Class Teaching. As for a school itself, the failures of working on harmonious analyzing squads and societal patterns have influenced the most. Because it is frequently the fight are highlighted more than the concerted survey. Such as in a athleticss meeting, categories are consequently a group for a series of competitions. Another factor is the demand to do concerted spirit as an of import societal value to be popularized and educated has non been fulfilled4. Cases of using Cooperative Spirit into category instructionTo happen solutions to these jobs ( low engagement rate and low efficiency in larning ) , many instructors have been seeking to set as many activities as they c an in a category instruction, and utilize multimedia installations. But see this: if a category is full of activities which are merely to warm up the ambiance and the instructor is the prima function, can the category truly animate the pupils to take part? If the instructors have put all the information on a computing machine, voices are taped and descriptions are pictured, can they assist the pupils develop their advanced spirit to believe and to detect? And these defects are precisely many bookmans are reasoning approximately. As ?Y?c? ¤a?†  [ Ke Qunfan ] ( 2003 ) has written in â€Å" acquiring out of the new jaming instruction method † that to do a category vivid and unrecorded, many instructors have done excessively much, one-sidedly thought that more activities will be better. However, it so becomes â€Å" new jaming method † , which has merely occupies much clip of a category. â€Å" New criterions for English Curriculum † has claimed that â€Å" the development of a pupil † is the finish of learning. It is indispensable to do pupils the active functions of a category. Cooperative survey, inquiring for using concerted spirit, besides called the team-work spirit, into survey, has been approved and suggested by many bookmans. eâ„ ¢?a?Sa?Z [ Chen Jianhua ] ( 2004 ) has stated in thesis â€Å" A Small Talk on English Cooperative Study † that cooperative survey is one of the instruction patterns based on group work. Having the same ultimate end and being valued by accomplishment of a whole group, concerted survey can excite instruction and acquisition by to the full cooperation of each component. If taken into consideration, the demands of a task-based instruction method will be fulfilled. Collaborating can convey pupils ‘ action into drama, and organize the competitory every bit good as concerted ambiance between groups in categor y. During the procedure, face to confront interactions are established while each pupil will hold to transport a portion of duty. And the outlooks of doing conversations can be reached which is precisely what an English category is taking at, which is to do a pupil talk, think positively, and do linguistic communication a unrecorded tool to pass on.4.1 Teamwork illustrations in high school abroad.When people were interviewed why they had chosen to analyze abroad, they explained that it was because they could see the â€Å" free thought † or â€Å" free life † . Though this is sort of sarcastic about China ‘s instruction which has been traditionally concentrating on acquiring a good class, allowing entirely the deep cultural difference, American ‘s free method of instruction is worthy acquisition, for which is full of free thought, more significantly, inquiring for every bit much cooperation as possible in a category. Not merely in completing assignment but besides interactions between instructors and pupils, between cognition and pupils ‘ heads. What â€Å" free method of American instruction † has impressed the writer most were the personal experiences of analyzing in Plattsburgh College in State University of New York. Though it ‘s in college category, it ‘s valid to turn out the effectivity of concerted survey. One of the instances was the FLL ( Foreign Language and Literature ) category. The pupils were required to make assignments after they finished the literary plants ( short narrative and novels ) . There were 2 parts included in the assignment: respondent inquiries and blank-fillings. Every category, the instructor would organize groups of 2-3 pupils. One of them would make the presentation, and all the group members would hold to work on the assignments together. The pupil who did the presentation was ever the 1 liked to speak, and could vividly explicate the reply to the inquiries, while the reply should be the combined thoughts of all the group members. The other illustration was besides concerted survey applied in one of the General Psychology category carried out in Plattsburgh College. The professor asked the pupils to make readyings for new category in groups of 4-6 people. All the pupils in a group needed to fix at least one session of the stuff, and one of them would move as the taking function to link the whole presentation. After those categories, several personal interviews have been held of those who conducted the activities. They held positive positions about that. One of the pupils from FLL category said that it was fun for they could easy acquire the elaborate information of a novel when they were mentioned by their schoolmates. The cognition became more impressive and they could utilize to expose their point of position freely and creatively. â€Å" I love that category. † she said. This was precisely what instructor and the category wanted. The other pupil from GP category said he normally sat mutely in some ot her categories, merely taking notes. But in GP category, he had to fix his ain address good and went up to the phase. â€Å" Though I do n't frequently speak, I will merely travel at that place and state what I have done, and so I remember all the stuffs refering with our lessons. † He besides said this. It can be seen from these two illustrations that when pupils ‘ have experienced, they will happen involvements in making things. They will analyze better and more expeditiously. Dialectic Materialism has the theory that interaction is one of the ways human existences exist. School ‘s being a societal group, enables interactions and societal communications between instructor and pupils. This besides provides accounts for the betterment of pupils ‘ geting cognition in the co-op survey atmosphere, for experiences provided by schoolmates are easy to be understood, and the activities pupils have played will picture the significance of societal functions. However, pupils will develop a sense of societal value, undertaking consciousness, cooperation consciousness, and their societal duties every bit good as team-work spirit. Based on the recognition that pupils should be the chief function, concerted survey has created the opportunity to interact between pupils, and distin guished the functions of â€Å" steering † and â€Å" playing † between instructors and pupils. Therefore, pupils can hold the chances and clip to interchange their thoughts, prosecuting betterment together. More significantly, during the procedure, the subjectiveness of pupils is to the full reflected, their desire for cognition, enthusiasm will be aroused and happy and effectual acquisition will be achieved.4.2 Teamwork illustrations in high school in China ( Particular instance in Deyang Foreign Language School )Teaching pattern in Deyang Foreign Language School: Based on the concerted acquisition research and pattern, the writer has carried out a instruction pattern in 2 categories of high section in Deyang Foreign Language School, taking to research the effectivity of concerted survey ‘s increasing pupil schoolroom engagement and their efficiency of pupil acquisition in the procedure of instruction. Method: instance survey Basic information of topics: Class 7 is a scientific discipline category, with 21 male childs and 23 misss, in-between rank in comprehensive abilities. Class 5 is an art category, with 10 male childs and 29 misss, in-between rank in comprehensive capablenesss. The demands of English course of study for both categories are the same. Their English trials classs are of small difference. Content: Warming Up and Speaking in Unit 5 Textbook: Senior English for China Student ‘s Book 2A Step1: grouping For category 7: There were all together three chief squads grouped harmonizing to pupils ‘ personalities. Group 1, active pupils ( chatty, and really rather ) Group2, less chatty, over reserved pupils Group3, reserved pupil ( will take portion in the category when needed ) For category 5: three groups every bit good, assigned harmonizing to their seats. Step2: delegate the undertakings Part one: Questions based on the text edition, page 33. a. Give images that they are interested in B. Give information about each portion of UK on different facets. Part two: pupils get to cognize each other and administer the assignments by themselves Step3: the procedure of the category groups treatment pull off the information they have collected presentation Step4: rating ( 5 mark for each ) 1. Students were valued as a whole group. 2. Presentations should be displayed vividly, including every 1s ‘ message, reflecting their grouping manner, which consisted of balanced distribution of work, mediate trust. 3. Accuracy of cognition is besides valued. Step5: attesting the efficiency of larning. All the pupils are asked to complete the pre-reading undertakings on the text edition.4.2.1 ConsequencesFor category 7 ( chart 4.1 ) Group Accuracy of cognition presentation Overall entire Group 1 4 4 4 12 Group 2 4 3 3 10 Group 3 5 4 4 13 For category 5 ( chart 4.2 ) Group Accuracy of cognition presentation Overall entire Group 1 4 3 3 10 Group 2 3 2 3 8 Group 3 3 2 2 74.2.2 Discussion and defects4.2.2.1 Main findingsGroup presentations ‘ description of Class 7: Group one, which is made of chatty individuals and really quiet pupils, chatty pupils of course had really flexible heads and they took the occupation of presentations, while others had shared information collected by them and supported their teammates. Group two, pupils were less chatty and over reserved. They tended to keep back when promoted to stand on the phase and give a presentation stand foring their group, which made a loss of their tonss of â€Å" presentation † . Group 3 had the highest mark. During the procedure of instruction, the writer has found that in Class 7, pupils in each group made readyings intricately. They distributed the assignments harmonizing to everyone ‘s abilities and advantages, for some of them were good at computing machines, which was of import for information collection, and some had better unwritten English, which could do the presentation clear to be understand. The ground laid much in their personality, for these decently reserved pupils normally stand out when they were needed, and ever had a clear hint of what to make and what to state. In this group, they had given the information really accurate and presented steadily. The writer had consumed that to accomplish the ultimate end that the group to acquire the best mark, the pupils needed cooperate with each other good. During the procedure, obeisance and via media were needed but more significantly, the support towards others. What had come out as a consequence was after each presentatio n, other group members had given a first yet loud hand clapping to their teammate, and they had invariably complete the spouses ‘ addresss on the phases by supplying more addendum. Group presentations ‘ description of Class 5: Group 1 happened to dwell of several pupils who were better at English. Group 3 was of pupils with ordinary abilities, and the 2nd group owned several backward pupils, whose survey consequences were below norm. And group 2 had comparatively higher mark in the â€Å" overall column † because when it was their bend to make the presentation, they seemed active. Though non much information required was provided, these pupils were to the full take parting. And the pupils in the other mean group were merely every bit backdown as what some pupils had seemed in category. The research consequence was little different. Get downing from free grouping, which they did harmonizing to their seating agreement, the pupils tended to collaborate with friends or closed place schoolmates. However, this might be influenced by the pupils ‘ gender part, intending more male childs preferred speaking while misss were more reserved. Necessity of proper grouping: these illustrations prove that in order to ease concerted acquisition, proper schoolroom grouping and organisation will play a important function. Their groups turned out to be three groups every bit good. However, there are more jobs necessary to be discussed. First, in category 5, due to the random assignment, pupils had lost a sense of common benefits, which is one of the basic elements, less effectual assignment distributions were made, which had lead to pupils to simply wait for replies from others or they ended up mixing information for deficiency of group dialogue and full readying. Second, they tended to get away from duties, for depending on pupils who were comparatively better at speaking, while the others were merely taking notes or listening. But there were some active pupils demanded to state their findings as an person. These two issues have affected the effectivity of concerted survey. Through these two instances, the importance of grouping has been signified. The efficiency of acquisition: in category 7, pupils appeared easier to happen the elaborate information and have a better apprehension of the context, for the descriptions given were more accurate and were based on what they had known or mentioned by their schoolmates. In category 5, pupils were less active to reply inquiries and appeared less interested in larning and their answers were little vague and less in measure. From this, we can foretell that after a self-experience of analysing and analyzing stuffs and sharing with others, pupils can hold a comparatively better appreciation of the cognition, which is of import for learning and indispensable to better their efficiency in geting cognition.4.2.2.2 Flaws of the researchThe writer has consumed the research will throw more visible radiation on concerted survey ‘s effectivity on bettering pupils engagement and on their efficiency in geting cognition, but because of missing informations, pupils ‘ personality analysis appeared rough, which might act upon the grouping. However, concerted acquisition ‘s map of mobilising pupils ‘ enthusiasm has been to the full reflected. But, whether the concerted acquisition can enable pupils to better larning efficiency was non to the full proved. Merely by analyzing the pupils ‘ apprehension of related reading contexts was non sufficient. Harmonizing to the rule of memories, even though the pupils gained a batch of cognition points in the schoolroom, they would shortly be forgotten if there is no effectual ways to be practiced, such as quizzes, in-depth treatments.5. Solve jobsAs to better the low category engagement rate and pupils ‘ efficiency in geting cognition, the writer has advocated using concerted survey into task-based instruction. After analyzing the old surveies and making learning pattern, more suggestions should be made as good. These suggestions are more likely made for instructors.5.1 suggestions on making activities:a. M ore suited and thoughtful activities should be arranged. Guarantee the equality of opportunities for each pupil to take part through the ways varied, as what the writer has done in instruction. Vary the survey signifiers. Take more signifiers like group treatments, group argument, group seeking, group function drama, and if allowed, on-line seminar, since English is a unrecorded linguistic communication category. The more challenging the subject is, the more passionate the pupils will be and ne'er do it a load for pupils. Scholars have proposed three methods of grouping: homogenous grouping, heterogenous grouping, and the free combination. In homogenous group, pupils frequently ain same characteristics, like in classs, survey ability, and survey action. By combing them, they can happen their involvements in common and better together. While in heterogenous groups, things are face-to-face. It is better for pupils to assist each other every bit good as learn from each other. Free grouping can excite pupils ‘ passion and enterprise to analyze by grouping them harmonizing to their ain picks and has a strong coherence. The grouping should be depended on learning stuffs, learning conditions, and pupils ‘ existent state of affairss. Teachers should plan the synergistic activities based on existent life alternatively of superficial content which requires no deep thought, contains no profound significance and bears no communicative necessity. Try to assist the pupils to truly take part in the activities from the â€Å" perceptual experience – general – applications, † and develop their abilities in identify jobs and work outing jobs. After a group work, it is helpful that the instructor provide the feedback and rating to the survey, which will corroborate group members ‘ sense of equal importance to the group, give the encouragement and support.5.2 Suggestions on interactions with pupils:a. To finish a assortment of mission activities, aid to excite pupils ‘ involvement in larning. B. In the procedure of finishing the undertaking, instructors should unite the linguistic communication cognition and linguistic communication accomplishments together, assisting to develop the students of linguistic communication proficiency. c. To assist pupils to actively take part in linguistic communication communicating activities, instructors should animate their imaginativeness and originative thought. Students should play the chief function. d. In activities to larn cognition, developing interpersonal communicating, believing, decision-making and adaptability, is contributing to overall development of pupils. e. In the task-based instruction activities, being inspired by their instructors, each pupil has to believe independently and active engagement chances, maintain the motive to larn, and develop good survey wonts. Teachers should esteem the positions of pupils to construct a wide exchange of learning background, create an advanced ambiance, and advance the spirit of â€Å" ask for develop as a whole alternatively of wining separately † . It is besides indispensable for instructors to carry on emotional communicating, to develop pupils ‘ spirit of Humanities and Social Sciences, every bit good as their right sense of competition and societal duty.6. DecisionThe internal value of concerted survey is necessary to be signified. As e ©Ã‚ ¬a†¦Ã‚ ° [ Ma Lan ] ( 2004 ) has stated, concerted survey is non merely a instruction method, but besides an positive attitude of life, demoing people ‘s grasp and willingness of header with others. Concerted survey is non merely a method but besides the content of a survey, from which pupils learn the rules and societal accomplishments to develop. More significantly, concerted survey is non merely about the interactions between instructors and pupils, but besides the portion of resources among them. And under the demands of current course of study, the cognition base of a pupil includes cognition from text edition every bit good as from that of a instructor ‘s in struction experience and the interactions among them. Cooperative larning itself is a sort of profound religious kernel, rich content and extended operational theory of learning engineering scheme. U.S. concerted acquisition experts Jacobs ( 2001 ) one time said, â€Å" the shortest distance to make a end is non needfully a consecutive line † . As for English instruction, it is non to inquire pupil to declaim the English lexicon and learn them the simply signifiers of linguistic communication, but the practical use of English. Uniting with task-based instruction method, concerted survey is effectual to assist pupils to see the joy of acquisition, cultivate a sense of duty by sharing different assignments and larn to give to a end by doing usage of common complement.